Strand here is used for the narrow littoral marine zone including beach, foredune, and remaining sandy habitat up to the edge of stabilized dune or inland vegetation. Much of this zone is under the potentially harmful influences of salt spray, shifting and abrasive sand, and, nearest shoreline, severe storm surf and high tides. Strand occurs from tropical to temperate, even arctic, latitudes and along coastlines of continents and islands. At first glance, certain physical properties of these sandy environments are relatively simple, repeated, although not uniformly, from site to site, therefore it is not surprising that the same plant forms, even a few of the same species, appear on beaches around the world.
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