CULINARY HERBS THAT ARE LEAVES
Leaves from hundreds of plant species have been used at some time as culinary herbs, i.e., something that imparts interesting flavor to a food dish. The flavors are created by the occurrence of particular secondary plant compounds, especially monoterpenes, which are aromatic, and others with sulfur-containing chemicals in relatively high concentrations. Original users did not realize that some may also provide small amounts of vitamins, as well as flavor. Some culinary herbs also were incorporated into folk medicine. In European cooking, the most important leaf culinary herbs were obtained from a very few plant families, in particular the mints (Lamiaceae) and the carrot family (Apiaceae, formerly Umbelliferae).
Mint Family (Lamiaceae, formerly Labiatae)
- Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum)
- Indian borage (Coleus amboinicus)
- Marjoram (Origanum marjorana)
- Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum)
- Peppermint (Mentha X piperata)
- Betony (Stachys officinalis)
- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- Savory (Satureja hortensis)
- Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Other families
- Angelica (Angelica archangelica) Apiaceae
- Bay (Laurus nobilis) Lauraceae
- Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) Asteraceae
- Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) Alliaceae
- Dill (Anethum graveolens) Apiaceae
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Apiaceae
- Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) Verbenaceae
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Apiaceae
- Sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.) Smilacaceae
- Tarragon (European form only; Artemisia dracunculus) Asteraceae
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